Noise-Immune Network Layer of the Protocol Stack for a Wireless Sensor Network of a Tree Topology

The paper presents the network layer of the protocol stack in wireless sensor networks. This stack makes it possible to implement wireless sensor networks of a tree topology, which are able to function in the presence of noise. We state the requirements for the network layer and propose a development to the keep-alive mechanism that forms the basis of the network recovery subsystem. We present a functional flow block diagram of the network layer proposed and its model based on the ns-3 simulator. We also describe the noise model. Our simulation allowed us to estimate how noise interferes with the network operation and to show that the network layer of the protocol stack for a wireless sensor network featuring a network recovery mechanism is efficient in the presence of noise

The study was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project RFBR no. 17-08-01641а)

References

[1] Jayavardhana G., Rajkumar B., Marusic S., et al. Internet of Things (IoT): a vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Fut. Gener. Comput. Syst., 2013, vol. 29, iss. 7, pp. 1645--1660. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2013.01.010

[2] Malche T., Maheshwary P., Kumar R. Environmental monitoring system for smart city based on secure Internet of Things (IoT) architecture. Wirel. Pers. Commun., 2019, vol. 107, no. 4, pp. 2143--2172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06376-0

[3] Karl H., Willig A. Protocols and architectures for wireless sensor networks. Wiley, 2005.

[4] IEEE 802.15.4--2006. IEEE Standard for information technology. Local and metropolitan area networks. Specific requirements. Part 15.4: Wireless medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs). IEEE Computer Society, 2006.

[5] Tannenbaum A.S., van Steen M. Distributed systems: principles and paradigms. Prentice-Hall, 2002.

[6] Dressler F. Self-organization in sensor and actor networks. Wiley, 2007.

[7] Mounika P. Performance analysis of wireless sensor network topologies for ZigBee using riverbed modeler. 2018 2nd International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC), Coimbatore, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISC.2018.8399010

[8] Braden R. Requirements for Internet hosts --- communication layers. Internet Engineering Task Force, 1989.

[9] Wijekoon J., Tennekoon R., Harahap E., et al. Introducing a distance vector routing protocol for NS-3 simulator. EAI Endors. Trans. Mobile Comm. Appl., 2015, vol. 16, no. 8. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.24-8-2015.2260345

[10] Alam M., Mamun-Or-Rashid M., Hong C.S. WSNMP: a network management protocol for wireless sensor networks. 2008 10th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, Gangwon-Do, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACT.2008.4493864

[11] Tedblad R. Reliable wireless sensor networks in smart homes. Chalmers University of Technology, University of Gothenburg, 2015.

[12] Padalko S.N., Terentiev M.N. Self-organization in the tree personal wireless networks with multiple gateways. Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Series Instrument Engineering, 2017, no. 1 (112), pp. 75--85 (in Russ.). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0236-3933-2017-1-75-85

[13] Makashov A.A. [Completing LR-WPAN module of NS-3 simulator for simulation modelling of wireless sensor networks solving applied aerospace problems]. Gagarinskie chteniya--2018. 44 Mezhdunar. molodezh. nauch. konf. [Gagarin Readings--2018. 44th Int. Youth Sc. Conf.]. Moscow, MAI Publ., 2018 (in Russ.).

[14] Makashov A.A., Terentyev M.N. [Simulation of interference of message transmission in wireless sensor networks using NS-3 simulator]. 17-ya Mezhdunar. konf. "Aviatsiya i kosmonavtika" [17th Int. Conf. "Aviation and Cosmonautics"]. Moscow, Lyuksor Publ., 2018, pp. 318--319 (in Russ.).

[15] Terentyev M.N. Performance indicators for duty cycle wireless networks of the internet of things. Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik Povolzh’ya [Scientific and Technical Volga Region Bulletin], 2018, no. 11, pp. 258--260 (in Russ.).